Six-step counselling framework · Developed in Malaysia

A practical guide to patient-centred medication counselling

CONNECT-6 turns Motivational Interviewing into a practical six-step conversation for time-constrained pharmacy practice — moving from directive monologue to collaborative dialogue.

Six steps. One conversation.

Use the sequence as a guide, then follow the patient’s cues. CLARIFY, COACH and CHECK can be revisited when the conversation calls for it.

1
CONNECT

Build trust and listen.

Try asking"How have you been managing your medicines lately?"

2
CLARIFY

Explore beliefs and practical barriers.

Try asking"What led to that decision?"

3
COACH

Share knowledge collaboratively.

Try asking"May I add one thing to that?"

4
CHECK

Explore importance and confidence.

Try asking"On a scale of 0 to 10, how important is this to you?"

5
CREATE

Agree on a practical plan together.

Try asking"Which option would fit your day best?"

6
COMMIT

Confirm the plan and follow up.

Try asking"Can you tell me the plan we agreed?"

Training materials

Use these free materials for workshops, medication counselling practice and skills assessment. No registration is required.

For trainers

CONNECT-6 Training Deck

The workshop slide deck introducing the CONNECT-6 framework, with counselling techniques, worked examples, and practice activities.

PDF · 79 pages · 1.4 MB Added
For everyday practice

Quick Reference: Counselling Card

A printable A4 guide to the six CONNECT-6 steps, with practical prompts and a worked patient conversation for use during training and practice.

PDF · 4 A4 pages · 245 KB Added
For assessors

Competency Assessment Checklist

A 27-item checklist for observing and scoring pharmacist counselling skills before and after CONNECT-6 training, with space for feedback.

PDF · 3 A4 pages · 167 KB Added
🔒 All materials are free for non-commercial educational and research use with appropriate attribution. Commercial use requires prior permission from the team.

Using CONNECT-6 in practice or training?

Tell us where the materials are being used. You can also choose to receive occasional updates about revised resources and future training.

Share how you’re using CONNECT-6

Registration is optional. Responses are saved privately with the CONNECT-6 team through Google Forms. Email updates are a separate opt-in.

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Understanding CONNECT-6

A short explainer on what CONNECT-6 is, why it was developed, and how it works in practice.

Research behind CONNECT-6

CONNECT-6 was evaluated in a pre–post study involving 27 pharmacists across hospital and health clinic settings in Selangor, Malaysia. Counselling roleplay scores improved following training.

Read the published study
Study details

Roleplay performance: mean total scores increased from 9.71 to 17.00 (p = 0.002).

Self-assessment: all 13 measured domains improved significantly (p ≤ 0.003).

Settings: improvements were observed in both hospital and health clinic groups; no statistically significant difference between groups was detected (p > 0.05).

“The framework guided both what to say and how to say it in a nicer way. Patients started to open up more and feel understood.”

Participant reflection · Ethical approval: NMRR ID-25-01263-PYJ, Ministry of Health Malaysia.

Growing through training and collaboration

Training reach in 2026

3training sessions
80pharmacists involved

In development: an AI-assisted self-learning platform for independent roleplay practice and competency feedback. Register your interest.

The CONNECT-6 team

A multidisciplinary Malaysian team in clinical pharmacy, pharmacy education and health psychology developed and evaluated CONNECT-6.

Fahmi Hassan

Fahmi Hassan, PhD

Lead Developer & Principal Contact · Pharmacist, HTAR Klang

Clinical pharmacy researcher and lead developer of CONNECT-6, based at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang.

✉️ drfahmihassan@gmail.com 🌐 connect-6.my 📖 Google Scholar
View all six collaborators
Ernieda Hatah
Assoc. Prof. Ernieda Hatah, PhD
Pharmacy Lecturer
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Hariyati Sharima
Hariyati Sharima Abdul Majid, PhD
Consultant Psychologist
IJN College
Shamala Balan
Shamala Balan, PhD
Pharmacist
HTAR Klang
Nirmala Jagan
Nirmala Jagan, PhD
Pharmacist
HSIS Serdang
Afizah Arsad
Afizah Arsad
Pharmacist
HSIS Serdang
Wan Utma Sapini
Wan Utma Sapini Wan Abdul Samad
Pharmacist
Hospital Selayang